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2024 ﺮﻳﺎﻨﻳ ،63 دﺪﻌﻟا ،1ﺪﻠﺠﻤﻟا ﺔﺒﺨﻨﻟا
2024 ﻮﻳﺎﻣ ،63 دﺪﻌﻟا ،1ﺪﻠﺠﻤﻟا

ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻟاو ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟا ﺔﻴﺻﻮﺼﺨﻟا

ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺳ مﻮﻠﻋ ،ﻊﺑاﺮﻟا ىﻮﺘﺴﻤﻟا ،ﻲﺘﻔﺼﻟا ﻢﻳﺮﻣ

mariam.yasser2020@feps.edu.eg
ﻮĀÿ ﺎﻫĀﻨﻱĀÿ ﺔﻱÿﺮĀÿ' ﺔﻱÿﻬĀĀÿ' þĀÿأ ﺎﻨﻪ ﺎﻧأN ﺔﻱĀĀĀÿ' ﺔÿﺎﻫÿ' þĀÿ ﻮﻪ ﺔﻱÿﺎĀĀÿ' ﺔﻱÿﻬĀĀÿ'

ﺔﻱÿﻬĀĀÿ' þĀÿ ﺔﻱÿﺎĀĀÿ' *ﺎﻱÿﻬĀĀÿ' ﻯÿﺎÿ þĀÿ LNﺄĀﻨﻰ ﻦﻰﺬÿ' þﻱĀĀÿ ﺔﻱÿﻹÿﻴ'N ﺔﻱĀﻱĀÿ'N ﺔﻱﻧ'ﺪÿﻬÿ'N
/'ﺮÿﻴ' ﻦĀĀÿ ﻮĀÿ /ﻬĀﻰ þÿ0N ،ﺔﻰﻬﻱÿﻲ' ﺔﻱÿﺎĀĀÿ' Nأ ﺪÿ'ﻬÿ' þĀĀĀĀÿ' /'ﺮÿأ þﻱĀÿ ﺎﻫﻱÿ IﺮĀĀﻰN ،ﺎﻫﻱĀÿ
þﻫĀĀﻱÿﻬĀÿ þĀĀĀÿ'N ﻯÿ1ﺎÿ ﻬﻪ ﺎÿ ﺔﻱĀﻨÿ ﻦÿ ،þĀĀĀĀÿ' ﻦÿ ﻯÿﻴ' ﺎﻫﻱÿ þĀĀĀﻰ ﻹÿ ،)ﺪÿ'ﻬÿ' ﺔÿﻴ'
ﻦĀÿN .ﺎﻫÿ ﻮÿﺮﻰ ﺔÿﺎÿ ﻯÿ þﻫÿ ،(ﺮĀÿ' ﺎÿأ .ﺔﻱÿﺎĀĀÿ' /ﺪĀĀÿ þﻱÿ LﻬĀĀĀÿ ﺔÿﺎĀÿ' Mﺬﻪ ﻯÿ Lﻬﻱÿﻴﺎÿ
þĀĀĀÿ' Kأ ﺔÿﺎĀĀÿ' Kأ ﺪÿ'ﻬÿ' /ﺮĀÿ' þﻪ ؟KﻹĀÿ' ﻦÿ KﻬﻫĀĀĀÿ ﺎĀÿN þﻫĀﻱﻪﺎÿN þÿ ﺔﻱÿﺎĀĀÿ' þﻫĀﻰﻬﻪ
ﻮﻫÿ ،ﺔÿﺎÿﻶ' þﻧﺎÿ ﺎﻰأ ؟ﺔﻱÿﺮĀÿ' *ﺎĀĀĀĀĀÿ' Kأ ﺪÿ'ﻬÿ' ﻩÿ þĀﻨÿ LﻬÿﺎĀÿ ﺎﻨﻪ /'ﺮÿﻴﺎÿ .ﻯÿﻬÿﻬÿﺮĀﻧﻴ'
*ﻹÿﺪĀÿ' ﻦÿ /ﻬĀĀÿ' þĀĀÿ ﺔﻱĀĀÿ ﺔĀﻱĀﻧ þﻧﺎÿ þĀĀÿﺎÿ þÿ'ﻬÿ' ﺎﻨÿ ﺪÿأ ﺪĀÿ .ﺔﻱÿﻹÿﻴ'N ﺔﻱﻧ'ﺪÿﻬÿ' ﻩĀﻱÿﻬĀÿ
ﺎﻱÿﺎĀÿ Nأ ﺎﻱÿﺎﻱÿ ء'ﻬÿ ﻯĀÿ'ﺪÿ' LﺄĀÿ' ﻯÿ ﺔﻱĀﻨÿﻴ' ﻦĀĀﻰ ﻸ ﺔĀﻱĀÿ ﻯﻪ ﺎﻱÿﺎĀÿ /'ﺮÿﻴ' ﺔĀÿﺮÿ Lأ
ﺔÿﺎĀÿ' þĀÿ þĀĀÿN .)0ﺎĀÿ' 1ﺎĀÿﻴ'N ﺔĀĀÿ' Jﻹÿ ﻦÿ ﻩÿ ﻦﻱĀÿ ﻯĀﻱÿ HﺎĀﻧ ﻯÿ /ﺮĀÿ' ﺄĀﻨﻱÿ ،ﺎﻫÿ þﻱĀĀĀÿ'
ﻦÿ 1ﻬĀﻨÿﺎÿ ﺮĀĀﻰ þĀĀĀÿ þÿ þĀÿأ ،K0ﺮĀĀÿ' ﻦÿ Mﺬﻪ .MﺪﻱÿﺎĀÿN ﻩÿ'/ﺎÿN ﻩĀĀÿ (ﺮĀﻱÿ ،ﺔÿﺎĀÿ' ﻩĀÿﺎĀÿ
þĀĀĀÿ ﻬﻪ ﺎĀÿ ﺮﻫĀﻨﻰN ، ﻩÿ 1NﺎĀĀÿ' ﺮÿﻲ' þĀĀĀĀÿ' ﺔÿﺎÿ ﻯﻪN þÿﺎĀÿ' þÿ ﻯÿ ﺪÿﻬÿ ﺔﻱÿﻬĀĀÿ' ﻦÿ ﺔÿﺎĀÿ'
þĀÿ ،&1ﺎĀÿ' Pﺰﻰﺰÿ ،Lﻲ' Oﺮﻨÿ .,1ﺎĀÿ' ﻦÿ K/ﺎÿ þﻱĀĀÿ' ﻮĀÿ /ﺮĀÿ' ﺪÿﺎĀÿ سﺎÿﻴ' ﻯÿ ﺔﻱĀÿ
ﺬĀĀﻱÿ ،ﺪÿ'ﻬÿ' /ﺮĀÿ' ﻩÿ ﺮĀĀﻰ Pﺬÿ' þĀﻨÿ' ﻦÿ ﺔÿﺎĀÿ' LﻬĀÿ .IﺮĀĀÿ HﺎĀﻧ ﻯÿ ﻩﻧ'ﺮÿأ þÿ þĀÿﺄĀÿ'N
ﻦÿ ﺮﻈﻨÿ' GﺮĀÿ ﻩĀĀĀÿ ﺎﻱÿﺎÿأ '1ﺪĀÿ ﺎÿ ﺔﻱĀﻨÿأ ﺔĀÿ ﻦÿ ﺮĀÿأ OﻬĀĀÿ ﻮĀÿ ﺎĀﻰأ ﺔﻱÿﺎĀĀÿ' ﺔﻱÿﻬĀĀÿ'

*أﺪÿ ،Oﺮÿأ ﺔﻱÿﺎﻧ ﻦÿ .ﻩﻱÿ þﻱĀﻰ Pﺬÿ' þÿ'ﻬÿ' ﺮﻫÿﺄÿ .ﺔĀÿﺎÿ ﺔÿأ þĀĀĀÿ ﺎﻫﻨﻱĀÿ ﺔÿN/ OﻬĀĀÿ
*ﺎﻰﺮÿ0 عﺎÿﺮĀÿﺎÿ Oﺪÿ ﻮĀÿ ﺔﻱÿﺮĀÿ' *ﺎĀĀĀĀĀÿ' þĀÿ ،ﺔﻱÿﺮĀÿ' ﺔﻱÿﺎĀĀÿ' ﺔﻱÿﻬĀĀÿ' ﻬﻪ JﺎĀÿ
ﻩĀﻱÿNﺮÿ ﻦÿ Pﺮÿ'ﺰĀÿ' þĀĀĀﻱÿ ،'ﺪÿ ﺪﻱĀĀÿ' ﻯÿﺎĀÿ' þﻱÿ ﺔﻱÿﺮĀÿ' ﺔﻱÿﻬĀĀÿ سﺎÿﻴ' þﻧﺎÿ ﻯĀÿ' ﺔﻱÿﻬĀĀÿ'
ﺔﻱĀĀĀÿ' )ﺮĀﻨÿ' þĀÿ ﺮﻫﻈÿN ،ﻩĀﻱÿNﺮÿ ﻦÿ ﻯﻧﺎﻨĀĀÿ'N ﺮĀÿأ ﺔﻱÿ1أ ﺔĀÿ1 /'ﺮÿﻴ' ﻦÿ ﺮĀÿأ ﺔÿﻬĀĀÿ I1ﺎĀĀÿ
.LNﺪĀÿ ﻦÿ' ﺎﻫﻨÿ +ﺪĀÿ ﻮĀÿ' ﻮÿNﻴ' þÿ'ﺮÿ ﻦÿ ﺔﻱĀﻰ1ﺎĀÿ' ﺔÿﺮĀĀÿ'N ﻦﻰﺪÿ'N ﺔĀĀÿ' ﻯÿ ﺮﻱĀĀÿ
ءﺎĀĀﻧﻶ' ﺮÿﺎĀÿ ﻦÿ ﺪﻰﺰĀÿ ،JﻹĀĀÿ'N JﻹĀÿ'
ﺔﻱÿﻬĀĀÿ' þĀÿ .)ﺪÿ'ﻬÿ' ﺔÿﻴ' /'ﺮÿأ ﻦﻱÿ þÿﺎĀĀÿ'N
ﺔﻱÿ1ﺎĀÿ' *'ﺮﻱÿﺄĀÿ' ﻦÿ ﺎﻫﻱĀĀﻰ ﺎÿ1/ þĀĀÿ ﺔﻱÿﺎĀĀÿ'
ﻮĀÿ ء'ﻬÿ *ﺎĀĀĀĀĀÿ' )ﺪÿN ﻮĀÿ ﺎﻫÿﺎĀĀÿN ﺔﻱĀĀĀÿ'
þĀĀÿ ...ﻦĀÿN .ﺔÿﻴ' OﻬĀĀÿ Nأ ﺔÿNﺪÿ' OﻬĀĀÿ
ﺔﻱÿﻬĀĀÿ' þĀÿ þĀĀÿأ ﺔĀÿﻬĀÿﺎÿ ﺔﻱÿ1ﺎĀÿ' *'ﺮÿﺆĀÿ'
.K0ﺮĀÿ ﻯÿ

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